Low Cost CNC

What is CNC machining?

CNC refers to Computer Numerical control. CNC machines are electro-mechanical devices that can manipulate tools around a varying number of axes with high precision as per instruction from the computer. As a result, the CNC machine can create complex geometrical parts with high precision in less time. In addition, because all machining controls, such as feed rate, tool positioning, and speed, are automated, tight machining tolerance is achievable compared to labor-intensive machining approaches.

Principle of CNC machining

The operation working principle of a CNC machine consists of four primary steps:

• Uploading a CAD file

• Digital instructions

• Adjusting the workpiece position

• Running the machine with programming

The CAD file of the parts to be machined is first uploaded, and instructions are sent via digital command before the tool begins to form the shape with the attached workpiece.

Workpieces can be machined in multiple axes depending on machine capacity (3-axis, 4-axis, 5-axis, & 6-axis). An electric motor controls each axis’ movement.

The cutting tool moves following the digital command and operations such as tool speed, feed, depth of cut, and others are controlled by coding (CNC programming). A warning system also alerts the operator to any operational errors or safety precautions throughout the machining process.

Different types of CNC Machining

Numerous (10+) types of CNC machines are designed for specific machining operations. For example, CNC milling creates complex geometries that allow up to six-axis machining. Milling rotates the workpiece and removes the tool following the uploaded drawing and command. CNC routers are functionally similar to CNC milling machines but are used for softer materials such as aluminum, wood, and plastics. The CNC routing machine works by routing the spindle and tool path.

CNC Turning is primarily used for cylindrical workpieces, and it renovates the material from the outer surface of the rotating workpiece for facing, chamfering, and other operations. Its caliber is generally measured by rotating speed. CNC plasma cutters use electronically-ionized gas (plasma) to cut the workpiece precisely. The plasma beam strikes the metal and cuts it, even though the plasma temperature can reach 10,000 degrees Celsius.

The process of CNC machining

CNC machining is a type of manufacturing in which computer software dictates the movement of tools and machinery. The CNC machining process can control various complex machinery, including grinders, lathes, mills, and routers. Three or more dimensional cutting tasks can be completed using a single set of prompts with CNC machining.

Under CNC Machining, Machine tools function through numerical control. A computer program is customized for a workpiece. The machines are programmed with a CNC machining language called G-code that essentially controls all features like feed rate, coordinate, location, and speeds. In addition, the computer controls the exact positioning and velocity of the operation.